Corruption in Africa: Overview, Causes, Effects, and Solutions.
POLICE CORRUPTION: A THREAT TO SOUTH AFRICA’S DEMOCRACY Abstract In South Africa today, there is no single agreed definition of corruption. However, as researchers we do know that some definitions of corruption are available, enabling us to put police corruption into context.
This paper will provide a brief analytical overview of the current political-economy of South Africa. It begins with an “In Brief” section: a snapshot of political institutions and social and economic indicators before addressing macro-economic.
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The Supreme Court of India has cancelled 122 telecoms licences that were awarded in the country’s 2G auction. The country sold its 2G spectrum licences in 2008 on a first-come, first-served basis. However, it emerged that they were sold unlawfully, with former cabinet minister Andimuthu Raja currently in jail awaiting trial for his role in the scandal.
Corruption Index: According to the Transparency International’s corruption perceptions index (2018), India has remained at a score of 41 on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean) over past years, ranking 78 out of 180 countries in perceived corruption. The index ranks countries by their perceived level of public sector corruption according to experts and qualified business people.
India sets guidelines for 2G reauction. India’s Department of Telecom (DoT) has announced guidelines for the reauction of its 2G spectrum, following the Supreme Court’s cancellation of the licences that were awarded in a 2008 spectrum sale, earlier this year.